How to Set Up Name-Based Virtual Hosting (Vhosts) With Apache Web Server on CentOS 7

Introduction

The Apache web server is the most popular web server all over the world. Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple websites (domains) on a single server. You can host multiple websites on a single machine with a single IP using virtual hosting. All domains on that server will be sharing a single IP. Virtual hosting is very useful in shared web hosting environments, where hundreds of websites are hosted on a single dedicated server.

In this article we will be hosting two websites (www.vhost1.com and www.vhost2.com) on a single IP address (192.0.2.0).

Requirements

  • A server running CentOS v. 7 with Apache installed
  • A desktop machine running Linux
  • A static IP address.

Continue reading How to Set Up Name-Based Virtual Hosting (Vhosts) With Apache Web Server on CentOS 7

Deploy Outbound NAT Gateway on Ubuntu

Introduction

A common network infrastructure may consist of an private network on an isolated subnet. While there may be no need for incoming connections to access the private network from the outside, there are occasions when you may need servers within the private subnet to make connections to services outside of the subnet or to the public Internet. An example may include downloading a software package, sending backup data to an external location, or applying system updates to servers on the private subnet.

A Linux gateway server with two network interfaces, or NICs, can be used to bridge two networks together. One NIC will connect to an external, or public, network while the other NIC will connect to the private subnet. IP forwarding and a NAT rule are then used to route traffic from the private subnet out to the external network.

The traffic from the internal servers will appear to be originating from the gateway IP address. Externally generated traffic will reach the gateway and have no visibility of the private subnet.

While beyond the scope of this tutorial, the gateway server firewall can be modified to restrict outbound traffic from the subnet. Continue reading Deploy Outbound NAT Gateway on Ubuntu

How to Find Default Gateway in Linux

A gateway is a node or a router that acts as an access point to passes network data from local networks to remote networks. There are many ways to find out your gateway in Linux. Here are some of them from Terminal.

You can find default gateway using ip, route and netstat commands in Linux systems.

Using route command

Open up your terminal and type the following commands:

sk@sk:~$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth1
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     1      0        0 eth1

The above output shows my default gateway is 192.168.1.1. UG stands for the network link is Up and G stands for Gateway. Continue reading How to Find Default Gateway in Linux

How To Use XFCE File Manager (Thunar)

After Nemo and Nautilus, now we bring you Thunar. It is one of the simplest file manager (graphical) available in Linux. Simple means Thunar is easy to use. We will cover some important features of Thunar. We hope it helps new users into Xubuntu or any XFCE based Linux distro.

Overview

 

  1. Menubar.
  2. Toolbar (back, forward, up, home).
  3. Address bar.
  4. Left panel (devices, places, and network).
  5. Main area.
  6. Status bar.

Continue reading How To Use XFCE File Manager (Thunar)

How To Use LXDE File Manager (PCManFM)

After Thunar, we come with PCManFM. This is the LXDE file manager. You’ll find PCManFM in Lubuntu. PCManFM is a very lightweight file manager yet powerful. It has search facility, something Thunar doesn’t. It has F3 Split View also, something Nautilus doesn’t anymore. And just like another file managers available in Linux, it has multitab feature. We hope this article helps anyone using Lubuntu or any LXDE based Linux everywhere. Enjoy.

Overview

  1. Menubar.
  2. Toolbar (new tab, back, forward, up, home).
  3. Address bar.
  4. Left panel (places or tree).
  5. Main area.
  6. Statusbar.

Continue reading How To Use LXDE File Manager (PCManFM)

Set Custom Keyboard Shortcut Key in Ubuntu

Ubuntu gives us easy way to bind a shortcut key with any program. Suppose you want to open Firefox when Win+G are pressed. Or press Win+H to open text editor. This can be achieved by using internal Ubuntu System Settings. You don’t need to install any external program.

Normal Applications

Open System Settings (gear logo) > Keyboard > Shortcuts > press Custom Shortcuts > press plus (+) button. Here, name your shortcut i.e. Mozilla Firefox and type the command. You must know the command exactly, e.g firefox is command for Mozilla Firefox. Another command examples such as brasero for Brasero, thunderbird for Mozilla Thunderbird, evince for Evince, and so on. Remember that they are case sensitive. Now, click the line you’ve created and press the keys i.e. Win+H.

Commands

Suppose you want to execute a command line from keyboard shortcut. For example, turning the brightness down/up. Of course, there are thousands and more possible commands to bind with shortcut key. Imagine you can pipe or redirect somethings by just pressing shortcut key. To do it, do the same like normal applications and type the command line i.e. xrandr –output LVDS1 –brightness 0.5 to turn brightness down and xrandr –output LVDS1 –brightness 1 to turn it up. Again, after typing a command, click the line you’ve created (see right panel) and bind the keys i.e. Win+J.

Sumber: https://www.ubuntubuzz.com/2015/10/custom-keyboard-shortcut-key-ubuntu.html#more

Packages For Embedded Development

Packages for Embedded Development

Fedora is used for all Embedded Development activities/workflows (cross-tools, alternate libc, RT, romfs, root flash, small footprint targets, etc.) that target the full spectrum of system platform-OS-application combinations:

  • Can target systems able to run Linux (including rpm-managed systems),
  • Can target systems that run other kernels, microkernels, RT kernels, hypervisors, or
  • Can target systems that run only non-kernel core code.

Embedded targets that run (at least some portion of) Fedora include x86, x86_64, Blackfin, ARM and others.

Fedora includes support for developing non-Linux embedded applications targeted at the Microchip PIC, a common embedded microcontroller, and the Atmel AVR. There is also limited support for other parts. Continue reading Packages For Embedded Development

Kubuntu Lead Has Stepped Down, But It’s Not The End For Kubuntu

Jonathan Riddell, the Kubuntu Release Manager, has announced he’s stepping down.

Major shock — not.Kubuntu logo

The former project leader¹ and long-time KDE developer confirmed the news in a blog post on the Kubuntu website, as well as in an e-mail sent to the Ubuntu Devel mailing list.

“Making Kubuntu over the last 10 years has been a fantastic journey,” he writes.

“Even (sic) since I first heard about a spaceman making a Linux distro using Debian but faster release cycles I’ve known this would be something important and wanted KDE to be part of it. Bringing together KDE and Ubuntu has created the best operating system we can and the best community to work on it.”

Continue reading Kubuntu Lead Has Stepped Down, But It’s Not The End For Kubuntu